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“The genomic research constitutes an emerging segment of ampelology, or the science of the cultivation and production of vines. It is an extremely important field, especially if considered in perspective. Because of this, in the final academy meeting of 2010 we decided to take a deeper look at the theme, projecting it into the future.”
With these words Antonio Calò, president of the Accademia Italiana della Vite e del Vino (Italian Academy of Vine and Wine), the Vicenza based main Italian institution in the vitivinicultural sector, opened the convention entitled ‘Presente e futuro degli studi genomici della vite’ (Present and Future of the Genomic Studies of the Vine), which took place on December 4, 2010 at the Biblioteca Internazionale ‘La Vigna’ (International Library ‘The Vineyard’,) in Contrada Porta Santa Croce.
Following the introduction of Angelo Costacurta, a scholar at Veneto's Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione (Council for the Research and Experimentation), which organized the event, Michele Morgante of the University of Udine took the podium to highlight the genome analysis in reference to vine, underscoring the importance of the studies related to the defense from pathogenic agents such as late blight and powdery mildew.
“The objective of the studies is to take advantage of differences between diverse types of vines, combining their genetic heritages to speed the selection process and obtain stronger vineyards which are better qualitatively as well. The technology available today allows us to analyze the genetic heritage of a large number of vine varieties at a low cost.”
Mario Pezzotti of the University of Verona followed exposing the application of the genomic technology to viticulture, especially in relation to grape ripening.
In his note, Claudio D’Onofrio of the University of Pisa pointed to the functional characterization of the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the grapes' aroma.
Stefano Meneghetti of the Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (Research Center for Viticulture) presented a research conducted by Angelo Costacurta, Giacomo Morreale and Antonio Calò about the contribution of the genetic marks to the study of the differences between vine varietals. For the study, various clones of Apulia vines such as Primitivo, Malvasia Nera , and Negroamaro were analyzed, comparing them based upon their zone of origin, and included also analyses of Zinfandel from the United States, Malvasia Istriana, which is cultivated in Italy and Croatia as well, and Garnacha from Spain, France and Italy. All varieties showed the correlation between their molecular profiles, the geographical location of the vineyards and the DNA. From a practical point of view the result of the study allows the characterization of the vines based upon the regional location of the vineyards.
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